The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb - 2429 Words

The dropping of the atomic bomb was the first of many nuclear projects. The first project was called the Manhattan project. Three bombs were created, one was a test, and the two others were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, cities in Japan. These bombs created mass destruction for the two cities; buildings were obliterated, fires erupted, and radiation spread for miles. After foreign countries saw what the United States was capable of, countries all around the world started to develop their own nuclear weapons, creating a surplus of weapons of mass destruction. â€Å"Today, eight countries in the world have nuclear arsenals (weapon supplies). The United States and Russia (formerly part of the Soviet Union) have most of the world’s nuclear weapons. Other countries with nuclear arms include China, France, India, Israel, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom† (Kroenig). Following World War Two, the Soviet Union and the United States were leaders of nuclear weapons. This period was called the Cold War. Forty-five years of potential nuclear destruction loomed over the Soviets and Americans. It wasn’t until after the Cold War that diplomats created the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty. The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, or NPT for short, recognizes the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom as nuclear weapon states. Nearly every country in the world is a member of the treaty, even if they do not possess nuclear weapons, by law they state that they are a nonnuclearShow MoreRelatedThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb853 Words   |  4 Pagesall have diverse opinions on the dropping of the atomic bomb. Varying from, it should be dropped to bring an end to the war with Japan, to it is inhumane to use such a power weapon on the Japanese military. Having so many diverse opinions on the newest found weapon, made the decision difficult for President Truman. There is no found proof that the war would have ended shortly after if it hadnâ⠂¬â„¢t been dropped. It was an uncertain factor on what would happen if the bomb wasn’t dropped, as well as whatRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe dropping of the atomic bomb was used to save American lives; the most common excuse as to why President Harry Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. In Major Problems in the History of World War II it has been discussed in the chapter The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II that former President Truman recalled how he learned about the atomic bomb project as well as the public opinion on the Atomic Bomb. I believe that the solution that Truman gave when dropping the Atomic BombRead MoreThe Dropping of the Atomic Bomb1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Right to Drop the Atomic Bomb â€Å"On the morning of August 6, 1945, the American B-29 Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later another B-29, Bock’s Car, released one over Nagasaki. Both caused enormous casualties and physical destruction.† (Maddox 1). These disastrous events have weighted upon the American conscience ever since that day in history. Even though there are some people that disagree with the dropping of the atomic bomb, President Truman’s decisionRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe dropping of the atomic bombs in Japan was a very helpful source for the United States during the WWII. President Truman, took the responsibility of dropping and creation of the atomic bomb. For the reason that The United States was seeking revenge on Japan for the attack at Pearl Harbor. The atomic bomb caused a high number of innocent Japanese deaths and also awful sickness. The atomic bombs left a big impact in the Japa nese empire; also effected the Japanese at the time of the atomic bomb andRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay2212 Words   |  9 PagesThe dropping of the Atomic Bomb changed not only warfare forever, but also all international relations. With that being said, the decision to do so was one of the biggest decisions made by any government in the history of time. Nuclear warfare was way more destructive and way faster than any other form of warfare preceding. With the United States seemingly always viewed to be â€Å"the good guys† it is puzzling that this country is the same one who killed hundreds of thousands of people all at once andRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb On Japan Essay2238 Words   |  9 Pagesdiffer in relation to the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan? (Intro 1—Context/Cover) The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9th, 1945 was the first and last time the weapon has been used to date; the atomic explosions exposed the true potential of nuclear warfare whilst also highlighting the global superiority that America possessed at the conclusion of World War II. On August 6th 1945 â€Å"Little Boy†, a uranium atomic bomb was dropped on HiroshimaRead MoreCauses Of Dropping The Atomic Bomb871 Words   |  4 Pages U.S. Atomic Bombing kills more than 150,000 people! In september 1 1939 through september 2 1945 the world was at war. The Axis powers which were Germany,Italy and Japan. Then there was the allies which were United States, Britain, France then eventually Russia. The Axis powers ruled most of europe then when the U.S. Entered we attacked italy then we invaded france to get it back because it was under nazi control. When europe was finally contained and germany surrendered, on the other side ofRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb On Japan5502 Words   |  23 Pagesrelation to the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan? Sub Issues Questions: Scott Carroll The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9th, 1945 was the first and last time the weapon has been used to date; the atomic explosions exposed the true potential of nuclear warfare whilst also highlighting the global superiority that America possessed at the conclusion of World War II. On August 6th, 1945 â€Å"Little Boy†, a uranium atomic bomb was dropped on HiroshimaRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima3031 Words   |  13 PagesThe dropping of the Atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9th, 1945 was the first and last time the weapon has been used to date; the atomic explosions exposed the true potential of nuclear warfare whilst also highlighting the global superiority that America possessed at the conclusion of World War II. On August 6th, 1945 â€Å"Little Boy†, a uranium atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in an effort by the United States (U.S.) and backed by the Sovie t Union, the British andRead MoreDropping the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima1081 Words   |  5 PagesDropping of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima With the closing of the Second World War at hand, Harry S. Truman represented the United States in Potsdam Germany to decide the fate of a post war world. The key individuals in the conference consisted of the allied leaders, Soviet Premier Stalin, Prime Minister Churchill, and Truman. Dubbed the â€Å"big Three† in the second conference of the post war, they were charged with the daunting task of dealing with Japan and their continued effort in the ending

Pablo Picaso “Olga” Free Essays

The portrait of Olga is a naturalistic depiction of Picasso’s wife. I think that the missing arm chair, the shadow, the darkness, and the paleness of Olga are a sign from Picasso that their relationship was not always so good. I assume this because from the site http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picaso â€Å"Olga† or any similar topic only for you Order Now sapergalleries. com/PicassoWomen. html I found that their marriage had its ups and downs and they were two different people. This painting is well painted. It gives me a feeling that Olga was present when Picasso painted this portrait. This woman is beautiful and I think that Picasso would paint his wife beautifully. The imperfections in the Olga portrait remind me of Picasso’s first Cubism painting, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon because of the shadow in the back ground that does not seem to fit Olga’s shape. If you look at the Cubism painting Picasso uses a lot of shadow and fuzzy lines in the back ground behind the women. I believe that when you look at the Olga painting long enough you can tell that is was not meant to be a perfect portrait of his wife therefore I believe that it is more of a cubist painting. That is very interesting because I thought that is looked as if the painting was done in person. Now that I know that he painted Olga from a photograph of her does not change my mind that the piece reflects the cubism paintings. In the other painting the women that Picasso pained the women look distorted and not human like. I believe that these women probably were not painted by picture but by imagination and emotion of Pablo Picasso. All in all, I believe that Picasso had a talent of portraying women in many different ways. His work is fascinating and very different than a lot of other artists work. How to cite Pablo Picaso â€Å"Olga†, Papers

Servant and Spiritual Leadership Theories

Question: Discuss about the Servant and Spiritual Leadership Theories. Answer: Introduction This study is based on the subject of communication and leadership. During this study, a particular case study of Auditing hidden agendas is considered. The study has focused on identifying the importance of proper communication and leadership style in the business organization. The relationship between the communication and organizational success as well as leadership and organizational success has been analyzed in this study. At the same time, the study also concentrates on the theoretical perspectives of communication and leadership. At the end of the discussion, the study provides the recommendations for the improvement of the given scenario. Identifying the concept and importance of communication and leadership in business organizations Communication is the most essential part of a business organization. In the words of MacLellan (2016), communication creates the bonding among the employees with the business organization. At the same time, Wiedemann and Meyen (2016) stated that for a company, communication is not only required for building the internal relationship among the people in the organization, but also building the relationship with the external stakeholders like, investors, creditors and government. Charlier et al. (2016) has commented that organizational communication is a process through which people within the organization and outside the organization shares their views and activities in order to fulfill the organizational goal. The importance of organizational communication is stated below: According to Wilhelm (2016), communication is one of the sources of employee motivation within a company. Clear communication between the employees and employer helps understanding the motive and ideas of each other. If the employees are aware of the motive of the employer, then they can understand how they can satisfy the needs of the employer. In the other words, it can be said that the employees can understand whether they can serve the needs of the employer or not. On the other hand, through proper communication, the employer can understand what the actual need of the employees is and how they can be motivated (Pacleb and Bocarnea 2016). Therefore, with the help of organizational communication, both employer and employees can be aware of each other and try to fulfill the needs of each other. Organizational communication helps building strong co-ordination between the employers and employees, among the employees and between the company and the external stakeholders. In the given case study, it can be identified that there was lack of communication between the company and its stakeholders. This type of situation can raise many problems within the company (Carter et al. 2016). Due to the lack of organizational communication, the stakeholders of the company were unaware about the financial crisis of the company. In this situation, it can happen that the stakeholders become dissatisfied with the performance of the company because they are not aware of the financial crisis in the company (Ruben and Gigliotti 2016). Therefore, the co-ordination between the company and the stakeholders is affected negatively. Hence, it can be stated that proper organizational communication helps building strong co-ordination. Khan et al. (2016) stated that organizational communication helps to build employees or stakeholders trust. In the case study, the dilemma took place because the CEO of the company was not ready to inform the stakeholders about the effects of financial crisis on the business of the company. However, it is the duty of the employer or CEO to inform the stakeholders about the financial situation of the company because their interests are related to the financial position of the company. If the stakeholders get to know about the actual financial condition after some days, then that may create a negative impact about the company. At the same time, trusts of the stakeholders will be reduced. Therefore, in order to build trusts in the minds of stakeholders, it is important maintaining proper communication between the organization and its stakeholders. Organizational communication is one of the sources of the information to the management as well as to the other stakeholders of the company (Pacleb and Bocarnea 2016). Communicating with the employer, the employees can know about the next target of the company. Similarly, with the help of communication, the creditors can know what the financial strength of the company is. The investors can also know the financial situation of the company through communication (DeFleur and DeFleur 2016). The information that every stakeholder gets through organizational communication, helps them taking proper decision regarding their engagement with the company. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be stated that organizational communication is very important for operating a business successfully. Theories of organizational communication Organizational communication can be better understood with the help of different organizational theories. There are several theories related to the organizational communication like, Information theory, Critical theory and Groupware theory. All of these theories are discussed below: Information theory suggests that communication between the people must be made in such a way so that no one can alter the actual message. This theory has stated that communication is done in order to transfer some information from one person to another (Merkl-Davies and Brennan 2016). However, during the transfer of message, some mistakes can take place, which is the major barrier in communication. Therefore, while communicating with the other people within a business organization, maintaining the reliability and validity of the information is very important, otherwise, there will be miscommunication. The theory also suggests that in order to maintain the accuracy of the communication, it is important of the organization measuring the accuracy level of organizational communication (Jensen 2016). The management of the organization can maintain the accuracy level of the organizational communication by putting more accountability on the recipients of the message or information. Critical theory: Critical theory of communication assumes that the organizational conflict is the result of wrong communication among the people within the organization (Beatty and Pascual?Ferr 2016). This theory suggests that proper communication is the key to achieve the organizational success. According to this particular communication theory, organizational communication is important because it helps to motivate the employees and reduce the level of misinterpretation and conflicts among the people within the company (Leonardi 2016). The critical theory believes that any critical situation within the organization can be solved with the help of proper communication. Therefore, it is very important for the organizations taking care of the organizational communication standard. Groupware theory: This particular theory of communication believes that the system of organizational communication may be changed with the changes in the technologies in the organization. Previously, the employees within the organizations used to communicate either through face to face meetings or through hand written letters (Merkl-Davies and Brennan 2016). However, with the changes in technology, the system of communication has also changed. Nowadays, people within the organizations use to communicate through computers or social media websites. The Groupware theory of communication specially focuses on the speed and style of communication (Leonardi 2016). This theory suggests that the positive and quick follow of information helps to maintain better relationship between the management and the other stakeholders of the company. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be stated that organizational communication is the medium of transferring the information from one employee to another employees. However, the management of the organizations requires maintaining a systematic flow of communication. Concept and importance of leadership According to Offord, Gill and Kendal (2016), leadership is the ability of an individual to motivate a particular group of people towards the achievement of a specific aim. At the same time, Contreras (2016) stated that leadership is a personality trait of influencing the people towards a particular goal. In the business scenario, leadership is the most essential factor for achieving the success of the organization. Storey (2016) mentioned that leadership not only means dominating the people but it indicates motivating the people through friendly and polite behavior. There are several styles of leadership that the business organizations follow. However, in any kind of leadership style, the leaders must follow some core principles of leadership and these are mentioned below: The leaders must be helpful enough to each of the group members whom the leaders are leading (Harrichand, Kimball and Kirk 2016). The leaders must have the ability to know the people or the group members. This indicates that the leaders must be aware of the positive and negative sides of each group member. The leaders must be aware of themselves. Proper leadership demands self-judgment and self-improvement (Delshad and Karimi 2016). The leaders must be able of handling the any kind of emergency situation within the organization and outside the organization. Ospina (2016) noted about different types of leadership styles like, autocratic leadership, participative leadership, strategic leadership, team leadership, facilitative leadership and cross-cultural leadership. Each of the leadership styles has some different and unique characteristics or features. Due to this, the leaders in the business organizations require to adopt different types of leadership in different situations. However, every type or style of leadership has the capacity of providing some benefits to the organization (Beatty and Pascual?Ferr 2016). These have created importance of leadership within the business organizations. The importances of leadership are stated below: Khan et al. (2016) stated that leadership is important in the business organization because it helps to create a strong bonding or co-ordination among the people within the country. Strong team bonding ultimately helps to achieve the business goal properly. Leadership is important because it helps to improve the competence level of the employees within the organization. However, in this context, Contreras (2016) argued that the competence level of the employees can be improved only when the leaders apply appropriate leadership style as per the situation. If the given case study is considered, then it can be identified that the leader or the CEO of the organization has not taken the right leadership style for handling the financial crisis situation of the company. As the employees of the organization are not fully aware of the financial situation of the company, they cannot understand whether their competence level should be improved or not. Leadership is an important factor for creating an effective and friendly working culture within the organization (Jensen 2016). Friendly and effective working culture actually motivates the employees towards the business goal. This is because if the management or leaders within the organization are friendly and supportive enough then the employees or sub-ordinates get any kind of help from their leaders, which actually motivates the employees to performing better. Leadership is also an importance factor for removing the conflicting situation within the business organization (DeFleur and DeFleur 2016). In a business organization different types of conflicting situations can take place. With the help of proper leadership, the management of the organizations can easily handle the conflicting situation. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that leadership is very important in the context of business. Wiedemann and Meyen (2016) commented that in the current competitive business scenario, a company cannot survive if it applies wrong leadership style. Offord, Gill and Kendal (2016) stated that if the importance of leadership is identified as per the different leadership styles, then it can be stated that when there is chaotic situation within the organization, the management of the company must apply the autocratic leadership style. The autocratic leadership style helps to run the business organization by considering the decision of the management only. On the other side, if the organization is facing a problem between the management and employees, then the application of participative leadership is more helpful (Delshad and Karimi 2016). However, different types of leadership styles depend on different theories of leadership. The theories of leadership are stated below . Analyzing different theories of leadership Storey (2016) stated that the leadership styles available to the leaders in the modern business organizations are based on different leadership theories. Some of the important theories of leadership are Trait theory, Behavioral theory and Contingency theory. These theories are discussed below: This particular theory of leadership is based on the different traits of human beings. According to this particular theory, the personality traits of the individuals help to identify the difference between the leaders and non-leaders. Wilhelm (2016) mentioned that while developing the trait theory of leadership, the features of successful as well as unsuccessful leaders have been considered. At the same time, Offord, Gill and Kendal (2016) commented that trait theory of leadership provides the constructive data and information about the leadership within the organization. However, Ospina (2016) argued that trait theory of leadership provides only the subjective judgment while considering someone as an efficient or inefficient leader. In support of this, Leonardi (2016) stated that there are huge numbers of human traits and it is not possible to consider each of the traits while identifying a successful leader. However, it is true that the trait theory of leadership is very effective in identifying and understanding the important traits of effective leadership. Behavioral theory: The behavioral theory of leadership is based on two assumptions. The first assumption is leadership is not a born talent rather it can be built within an individual. The second assumption is the effective leadership can be built through the learnable and definable behavior. Wilhelm (2016) stated that the behavioral theories of leadership consider that the leadership is such a talent of human beings that is created through effective learning and practice. Leadership is not an inherent talent of anyone. This means, the behavioral theory of leadership suggests that in order to lead an organization successfully, a leader needs to develop some effective personality traits. MacLellan (2016) mentioned that behavioral theory influences the human being towards the development of leadership traits because it believes that leadership characteristics can be generate and it is not in-born. However, Khan et al. (2016) argued that behavioral theory does not give any clue regarding its use in diff erent organizational situations. This particular theory of leadership was developed by Fred Fiedler during 1958. According to this theory, the success of a leadership is not solely dependent on the leadership style, but the control level of the leadership in a particular scenario is also the determinant of effective leadership (Delshad and Karimi 2016). The contingency leadership theory has critically researched on the characteristics of effective leadership and it has been stated that the characteristics of effective leadership are flexible. However, the subjective scale of the theory makes the usability of contingency theory limited. Relationship between leadership, communication and organizational sustainability According to Contreras (2016), the sustainability of a business organization depends on the level of communication and effectiveness of leadership within the organization. On the other side, Charlier et al. (2016) noted that the leadership and communication are also dependent on each other. In support of this, Wilhelm (2016) suggested that a leadership can be successful when the communication level within the organization is strong and an organization is successful when it has strong leadership as well as communication. Effective communication system helps the leaders making proper plan for the future and effective leadership motivates the employees to convert the plan into a success. In the other words, it can be said that by implementing the well developed communication system, the leaders in the organization can build a friendly working atmosphere and at the same time, the relationship between the management and employees becomes stronger. If the employee-management relationship is strong, then the employees become motivated towards the fulfillment of companys goal (Harrichand, Kimball and Kirk 2016). At the same time, it can also be said that if the employees are well motivated towards the fulfillment of companys overall goal, then it is obvious that the company will achieve a sustainable position in the market (Beatty and Pascual?Ferr 2016). This means in order to operate a business successfully and to make a business sustainable, the management of the organization requires leading the employees through effective leadership style and implementing proper communication network. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that communication and leadership are the most important factors behind the success of a company. In the study has found out that in the given scenario, the CEO of the company has not communicated properly about the financial position of the company with the employees ad well as external stakeholders. Due to this, the company may face several problems in future. The study has indicated that through effective communication, the organization can build team bonding, co-ordination and can clarify the doubts of the employees. On the other side, effective leadership helps to motivate the employees towards the fulfillment of the overall goal of the company. The study has also indicated that the sustainability or success of a company depends on both the effective implementation of communication system and leadership style. Reference list Beatty, M.J. and Pascual?Ferr, P., 2016. Trait Theories.The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy. Carter, D.F., Ro, H.K., Alcott, B. and Lattuca, L.R., 2016. Co-Curricular Connections: The Role of Undergraduate Research Experiences in Promoting Engineering Students Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership Skills.Research in Higher Education,57(3), pp.363-393. Charlier, S.D., Stewart, G.L., Greco, L.M. and Reeves, C.J., 2016. Emergent leadership in virtual teams: A multilevel investigation of individual communication and team dispersion antecedents.The Leadership Quarterly. Contreras, F., 2016. Servant and Spiritual Leadership Theories: Are They Two Different Notions?.Journal of Human Values,22(3), pp.202-208. DeFleur, M.L. and DeFleur, M.H., 2016.Mass communication theories: Explaining origins, processes, and effects. Routledge. Delshad, A. and Karimi, S., 2016. Leadership: Strategic Management Tool in the Industry.European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings,4(1 (s)), pp.pp-2284. Harrichand, J.J.S., Kimball, P. and Kirk, K., 2016. Counseling Leadership Development: A Qualitative Meta-analysis and Theoretical Model. Jensen, K.B., 2016. Practical theories: Concepts, conceptions and conceptualizations of communication.Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication,7(2), pp.143-156. Johnston, L.M., 2016. Constructivist Theories of Leadership. Khan, G.F., Lee, S., Park, J.Y. and Park, H.W., 2016. Theories in communication science: a structural analysis using webometrics and social network approach.Scientometrics, pp.1-27. Leonardi, P.M., 2016. How to Build High Impact Theories of Organizational Communication Strategies of Discovery and Reconceptualization.Management Communication Quarterly, p.0893318916675426. MacLellan, C., 2016. Spiral of Silence: Caregiving, Stress and its Impact in the Workplace A Thesis Presented to the Faculty in Communication and Leadership Studies School of Professional Studies Gonzaga University.Signature. Merkl-Davies, D.M. and Brennan, N.M., 2016. A Theoretical Framework of External Accounting Communication: Research Perspectives, Traditions and Theories.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal. Offord, M., Gill, R. and Kendal, J., 2016. Leadership between decks: a synthesis and development of engagement and resistance theories of leadership based on evidence from practice in Royal Navy warships.Leadership Organization Development Journal,37(2), pp.289-304. Ospina, S.M., 2016. Collective Leadership and Context in Public Administration: Bridging Public Leadership Research and Leadership Studies.Public Administration Review. Pacleb, T.G. and Bocarnea, M.C., 2016. The Relationship between Leadership Styles, Leader Communication Style, and Impact on LeaderMember Exchange Relationship within the Banking Sector in the United States. InChallenges, Performances and Tendencies in Organisation Management(pp. 275-287). World Scientific. Ruben, B.D. and Gigliotti, R.A., 2016. Leadership as Social Influence An Expanded View of Leadership Communication Theory and Practice.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, p.1548051816641876. Storey, J. ed., 2016.Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Wiedemann, T. and Meyen, M., 2016. Internationalization Through Americanization: The Expansion of the International Communication Association's Leadership to the World.International Journal of Communication,10, p.21. Wilhelm, P., 2016. the Importance of COMMUNICATION in LEADERSHIP Culture.

The advantages and disadvantages of Enterprise Resource Planning

Introduction Most companies have found it difficult to cope with factors such as mergers and competitiveness among others, using the old system of MRP (Manufacturing resource planning). Moreover, they have found it hard to improve in profitability with the same system.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The advantages and disadvantages of Enterprise Resource Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has prompted a shift to Enterprise Resource Planning, which has proved to be efficient in all areas of production. Companies that do not use ERP usually find themselves using incompatible software packages that carry with them numerous errors and problems, thus undermining their objectives. This is mainly because several processes are involved in implementing ERP, all the way from designing of the product to marketing. ERP is therefore very instrumental in enhancing management and efficiency; this would help in ach ieving most, if not all of the company’s objectives. The paper will use two articles to analyze advantages and disadvantages of ERP in organizations (Exforsys, Inc., 2009, p. 1). ERP Enterprise resource planning is a platform that integrates all elements of production in an organization to manage and automate the activities, thereby improving their efficiency, logistics and work flow, among others. Its integration combines all the external and internal factors of production in an organization . It begins right from product design and facilitates flow of work throughout the system. ERP does not rely on periodic updates and therefore ensures real time application throughout its integrated system software. Its ability to run in virtually every network as well as hardware makes it not only viable but reliable too. ERP has a common database that work with all applications. Its reliability is unrivaled as it utilizes database as storage for information. Its main objective is to try and consolidate all the departments in a company. Communication is fastened through this method and product design is boosted as well. ERP strives to incorporate finance, manufacturing, customer service, chain supply, data services and human resource departments, among others. ERP has been touted as one of the best management systems in the world. It has succeeded in replacing MRP as the solution based software that integrates all departments. According to Barker and Frolick, successful implementation of ERP is vital to success of a company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More often organizations know what to implement, however they fall way shot of its implementation guidelines and in the end failing to maximize its utilization. Several articles have tried to suggest ways of implementing ERP successfully in organizations, focusing more on its advantages than the disadvan tages. Furthermore a number of companies have also failed in successful implementation of ERP, instead trying to cover for it with other software packages. However it is quite imperative to note that as much as it is very efficient and useful in its application, ERP requires proper implementation, following of all the guidelines that relates to its implementation along with the inclusion of all departments to achieve its purpose (Baltzan, Phillips, Lynch Blakey, 2010, p. 23). Discussion Numerous articles have underlined the main advantages of ERP as well as its disadvantages. A number of agreements are evident in advantages with a few disparities. However most of the authors do not quite concur on major disadvantages. The following are a few analyses on two articles that share and differ on various aspects of ERP implementation (Bidgoli, 2004, p. 707). ERP Implementation failure: A case Study, by Barker and Frolick Barker and Frolick concur that implementing ERP is a difficult task and requires more than installation of the software. They feel that most companies have failed in their quest to implement ERP because of its management. They also argue that after installation, the management must act to involve every personnel so as to bring success. Team attitude is emphasized in this article with an assurance that sustainable success will follow those companies that completes the required implementation. Barker and Frolick stress the fact that ERP is very important in facilitating mergers, competitiveness and acquisitions that have caused uncountable problems to companies. In their success stories with ERP they give Fujitsu as one such company that has excelled due to ERP. According to them, ERP has the following advantages. ERP is essential in improving employee satisfaction, by dipping work redundancy that is likely to cause fatigue. They also credit it with time conservation, which allows for value added tasks, employee satisfaction is also credited with tra nsforming them into company assets as they gain more experience and stay with the organization. This is important in lowering employee turnover as well as training costs and helps in widening competitive advantage (Sheilds, 2001, p. 9-10).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The advantages and disadvantages of Enterprise Resource Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article goes on to state that ERP’s main targets are those departments that are incompatible and incorporates them in the system to help draw them closer. This helps in improving decision making for the organization as it speeds up information processing. Better decision making in companies help them instill corporate environment. The authors attest to the fact that ERP helps break barriers that usually exist between departments, thus helping in workflow. These benefits are usually enticing to companies, causing them to rush into impleme ntation of ERP. The article also majors on disadvantages of ERP, stating that it is prone to failure without proper implementation as well as management. They also concede that ERP is difficult to implement. Other disadvantages include its inability to be modified into the company’s structure and high risks of failure (Barker, Frolick, 2003, p. 43-49). Academic Tutorials Academic tutorials provides several advantages of ERP namely its ability to interface engineering design, tracking of orders, revenue cycle, control and security of information against any sabotage, among others. The article also dwells on disadvantages, in which it concurs with Barker and Frolick that implementation of ERP is very tasking, it has a high risk of failure as companies try to transform into ERP model, difficult in usage and too rigid. Other disadvantages listed by academic tutorials include high switching cost after its implementation, technical support, which may at times cause computer insecu rity. Still others are charges by ERP vendors that is not reflective of the size, and profitability of the organization, risk of over engineering the system that makes it more complex, problems of accountability due to broken barriers as well as its ability to be affected by other department, among others. The article gives more disadvantages than advantages.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Summary The articles have given substantial facts on advantages and disadvantages of ERP implementation. The first article by Backer and Frolick emphasizes on importance of using ERP in management systems although it warns organizations of what to expect if they do not comply with its implementation guidelines. Throughout the article they attribute failure to mistakes by organization; on the other hand Academic tutorials provide several disadvantages of ERP. Nonetheless they both concur that ERP is difficult to implement. Among the advantages provided by the article include reduced costs on inventory, chain supply, material time flow as well as in logistics. It is also credited with standardization of the organization practice, improvement of work flow, error reduction, customer satisfaction, and achievement of company goals. Other advantages include breaking of departmental barriers, faster decision making, improvement on communication and relationships between departments, as well as employee satisfaction, among others (Barker, Frolick, 2003, p. 43-49). Both articles also concur that ERP has disadvantages, although academic tutorials discusses more of it. Among the disadvantages listed include its high rate of failure, high costs of implementation and training of staff as well as the high cost of switching from ERP. Other disadvantages named include its complexity, misfits that may lead to bankruptcy (as in FoxMeyer’s case), high risk of failure, for instance about 20% of companies that attempted implementation of ERP have failed; another example is Dell, which never implemented ERP due to its rigidity to expansion. It may take too long (three or more years) to start reaping benefits, by this time most companies may have succumb to failure. ERP also exposes the company to internet insecurity and this becomes very expensive as they have to continually adapt to contemporary data protection techniques that are costly. Implementation of ERP is therefore very challenging to companies much as it is the best (Vyom Technosoft Ltd., 2011, p. 1). Conclusion ERP is very essential for companies as it helps improve their competitiveness, profitability and product design processes. However, it has several guidelines that make it rigid and therefore very complex. This makes it very expensive to implement and poses a high risk of failure if not successfully implemented. Reference List Baltzan, P., Phillips, A., Lynch, K., Blakey, P., (2010). Business Driven Information Systems, 1 Edition. Print. Barker, T., Frolick, M., (2003). ERP IMPLEMENTATION FAILURE: A CASE STUDY. Information Systems Management. EBSCO Publishing. Bidgoli, H., (2004). The Internet Encyclopedia, Volume 1. John Wiley Sons, Inc. p. 707. Exforsys, Inc., (2009). The Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP. Exforsus.com. Available from:Â  http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/erp/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-erp.html . Sheilds, G., (2001). E-Business and ERP: Rapid Implementa tion and Project Planning. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. p. 9-10. Vyom Technosoft Ltd., (2011). ERP: The Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP. Academic Tutorials. Available from:Â  http://www.academictutorials.com/erp/erp-advantages.asp . This report on The advantages and disadvantages of Enterprise Resource Planning was written and submitted by user Makhi Smith to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Minister Black Veil

â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathanial Hawthorne In â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil over his eyes and nose, never revealing the reason of the veil to a soul. At times the sexton would insinuate a reason behind the veil but never revealing the answer to the mystery. Father Hooper is a very imaginative and creative individual to innovate the idea of wearing a black veil to express an idea. He is angry towards the response of the veil to his parishioners, since they treated him differently with the veil compared to without it. Most of the parishioners are clueless to why he wears it and some try to imagine why he would ever want to wear it, but there are only ideas and arguments to why a minister would wear it. One of the reasons behind the veil might be secret sin. Father Hooper might have committed a very bad sin, which he does not want to unveil to anyone. Instead of not telling anyone the sin he shows it clearly on his face with the aid of a black veil. This black veil might relieve tension in his body that has accumulated due to his sin. In the story, Father Hooper says that everyone wears a black veil, meaning that everyone commits secret sins without revealing them to anyone. If you do not express your secret sin you would be keeping stress and tension locked up inside you, but if you express it, the stress and tension will be relieved. Another reason behind the veil might be sorrow. Deep, dark sorrow for someone or yourself might be expressed and shown with the help of a black veil. By wearing the black veil for eternity, you are exhibiting great love and sorrow for someone or yourself. If the black veil was removed, the sorrow and love would be dead. This might be how Reverend Hooper expresses the veil. Father Hooper might have also used the veil as a friend and a device to test Elizabeth’s love for him. The black v... Free Essays on Minister Black Veil Free Essays on Minister Black Veil â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathanial Hawthorne In â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil over his eyes and nose, never revealing the reason of the veil to a soul. At times the sexton would insinuate a reason behind the veil but never revealing the answer to the mystery. Father Hooper is a very imaginative and creative individual to innovate the idea of wearing a black veil to express an idea. He is angry towards the response of the veil to his parishioners, since they treated him differently with the veil compared to without it. Most of the parishioners are clueless to why he wears it and some try to imagine why he would ever want to wear it, but there are only ideas and arguments to why a minister would wear it. One of the reasons behind the veil might be secret sin. Father Hooper might have committed a very bad sin, which he does not want to unveil to anyone. Instead of not telling anyone the sin he shows it clearly on his face with the aid of a black veil. This black veil might relieve tension in his body that has accumulated due to his sin. In the story, Father Hooper says that everyone wears a black veil, meaning that everyone commits secret sins without revealing them to anyone. If you do not express your secret sin you would be keeping stress and tension locked up inside you, but if you express it, the stress and tension will be relieved. Another reason behind the veil might be sorrow. Deep, dark sorrow for someone or yourself might be expressed and shown with the help of a black veil. By wearing the black veil for eternity, you are exhibiting great love and sorrow for someone or yourself. If the black veil was removed, the sorrow and love would be dead. This might be how Reverend Hooper expresses the veil. Father Hooper might have also used the veil as a friend and a device to test Elizabeth’s love for him. The black v...

Definition and Examples of an Antonym in English

Definition and Examples of an Antonym in English An antonym is a word having a meaning opposite to that of another word, such as hot and cold, short and tall. An antonym is the antonym of synonym. Adjective: antonymous. Another word for antonym is counterterm. Antonymy is the sense relation that exists between words which are opposite in meaning. Edward Finnegan defines antonymy as a binary relationship between terms with complementary meanings. Its sometimes said that antonymy occurs most often among adjectives, but  as Steven Jones et al. point out, its more accurate to say that antonym relations are more central to the adjective classes than to other classes. Nouns can be antonyms (for example, courage and cowardice), as can verbs (arrive and depart), adverbs (carefully and carelessly), and even prepositions (above and below).   Examples and Observations You forget what you want to remember and you remember what you want to forget.Every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving.Opposition and ParallelismFactors that contribute to particularly good antonym pairings may relate to more than just the two items semantic oppositeness; for instance, the pairing of increase and decrease is supported by their rhyme and the perception of a parallel morphology, as well as their semantic opposition.Three Types of AntonymsLinguists identify three types of antonymy: (1) Gradable antonyms, which operate on a continuum: (very) big, (very) small. Such pairs often occur in binomial phrases with and: (blow) hot and cold, (search) high and low. (2) Complementary antonyms, which express an either/or relationship: dead or alive, male or female. (3) Converse or relational antonyms, expressi ng reciprocity: borrow or lend, buy or sell, wife or husband. The Lighter Side of AntonymsA man in the Land of the Houyhnhnms,Had a large collection of antonyms;He would say, This is great!Theyre in pairs, so they mate,Unlike synonyms, and, of course, homonyms.(W. S. Brownlee) Pronunciation AN-ti-nim Source: Tom McArthur, Antonym. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992. Steven Jones et al.,  Antonyms in English: Construals, Constructions, and Canonicity. Cambridge University Press, 2012. Albert Einstein, The World As I See It, 1931. Cormac McCarthy, The Road. Knopf, 2006.

Importance of employee performance management in retail Industry Essay

Importance of employee performance management in retail Industry - Essay Example Moreover, by evaluating and analyzing the performances of the organizations as well as the performance of the individuals working in the organizations, the management is able to formulate strategies that could further help in improving the productivity of the organization. Therefore it can be said that the performance management tools and performance management of employees help in improving productivity as well as in helping firms to gain competitive advantage. According to Armstrong (2006), employee performance management is the process in which employees are provided with significant opportunities to develop and nurture their skills and knowledge for the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. Having mutual understanding between the manager and the employees is quite essential in the employee performance management as the employees tend to maximize their efforts for the accomplishment of organizational goals (Leopold et al, 2005). Therefore, establishing employee perfo rmance management is quite essential for the organization to increase its overall productivity along with the level of performance in the market. Performance management is a process that ensures improvement in both quantity and quality of work and activities taken into consideration by the organization. In addition, the process helps the organization in aligning all the activities with the organizational goals and objectives (Leopold et al, 2005). By identifying the areas of improvements and areas where the organization has its strengths, the organization is in a better position to make important strategic decisions and help in achieving competitive advantage particularly when the organization is operating in a highly competitive industry such as retail industry. The level of competition in the retail environment has significantly risen and the organization has to deal with variety of employees, due to which the implementation of performance management has become a necessity to achi eve the organizational goals while sustaining the business for long-run in the market (Jones et al, 2005). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the process of employee performance management. In order to do so, the importance and benefits associated with the employee performance management have been taken into consideration. Moreover, the retail industry within UK’s competitive environment has also been taken into consideration. For the effective evaluation of employee performance management, a case study of the UK retail industry has been presented in the study. Lastly, recommendations have been provided with an aim to help the organizations operating in retail industry to enhance the level of performance along with the overall productivity within the competitive retail landscape. EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Employee performance management, in simpler words is the process that allows the establishment of shared workforce understanding by motivating the managers and e mployees to have mutual understanding regarding the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. Employee performance management ensures that the employees would work towards the attainment of desired organizational goals rather than just the personal goals. With the help of this process, the objectives of the

Article abstract assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article abstract - Assignment Example umber of participants who attended each game and corresponding factors such as weather conditions during the matches, day of play, involved stars and the points garnered by the team. Attendance in a match is the dependent variable while AduRoad is the independent variable (DeSchriver 438- 444). The researcher concludes that a significant relationship existed between the number of spectators that attended a game and the presence of Freddy Adu. He further notes that the player’s signing was advantageous to the club in the short run because additional revenues that were generated from his presence could pay his annual wage and recover his six-year contract expense. The paper makes a significant contribution to an objective understanding players’ financial significance to a club’s financial status. It forms a basis for a determining player’s remunerations and transfer fees. The researcher succeeds in communicating his results in a clear and precise manner but the article can be criticized for failing to include its ethical scope. This is particularly because of its ability generate wage raw between clubs and their players (DeSchriver 438-

The Work of one Christian Relief Agency Essay Example for Free

The Work of one Christian Relief Agency Essay Christian Aid is an organisation that supplies aid to those in need. It is generally considered to have been the first missionary agency to support indigenous mission boards in countries all over the world. It all began in 1945 when Bob Finley was asked to speak at a rally of Youth for Christ in a Chicago stadium. His testimony was so fresh, unique and powerful that the 25,000 people in the stadium interrupted him several times with spontaneous applause. His words were broadcasted all over the continent and he was sent to speak at rallies throughout the U. S. and Canada. Along with his close friend, Billy Graham, they were enlisted as field evangelists with the Youth for Christ and spoke at youth rallies, churches, public schools, seminaries, colleges and Bible institutes. Between 1948 and 1950 Bob Finley traveled the East China, Korea and Asia preaching the word and lead Korea in the spiritual awakening that took place there in early 1950. Bob Finley returned to America determined to arouse the churches about the need for reform in foreign missions. He said the best way to plant a Christian witness in closed countries was to reach people who were away from home. Then when they would go back to serve Christ in their homelands; get behind them with financial assistance. Following the presentation of his honorary doctors degree, in 1953 he started International Students, Inc. to reach foreign students all over the U.S. and Canada. In 1972 the headquarters of ISI was moved to Colorado Springs, while the AID (Assisting Indigenous Developments) division was spun off as Christian Aid and remained in Washington D.C. with Bob Finley as the President. A competent staff was assembled to travel all over the world searching out indigenous ministries in every country, especially those that were closed to missionaries from America. Christian Aid grew and grew, with a number of new buildings built in co-ordination with the agency. They had a new headquarters with a conference center and more offices. It continued making contact with indigenous missionary groups in closed countries all over the world. Bob Finleys goal was to have a part in planting a witness for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ among every unreached people group on earth. Christian Aid is governed and staffed by evangelistic, Bible believing, born again Christians who uphold the fundamental doctrines of historic evangelical Christianity. The work of Christian Aid is felt in over 60 countries where they try to fulfill its aims of helping people in the long-term. This is achieved in various ways. The first is to raise money that is needed in order to help these people. They gain an income of around 48 Million Pounds a year, which they can use. This is done throughout the whole year where churches may hold collections or some sort of fund raising events where donations go to charity. A considerable amount of this money is collected during one particular week, annually. This is called Christian Aid Week. In 1995, 8.6 Million Pounds was raised in this one-week. Christian Aid has two main policies of donations. They give Emergency Aid and Long Term Aid. Emergency Aid 10% to 15% of their money is when people are in need of some sort of aid, straight away. For example, if there has been a natural disaster, or an influx of refugees to a country then they are in need of emergency aid in order for them to survive. We can see the work of Christian Aid in the Caribbean Sea islands where a 140mile-per-hour Hurricane battered the islands, leaving 20 dead and numerous others in desperate need of attention and shelter. Christian Aid went to the islands to help the suffering people get their lives back on track. Long Term Aid is when Christian Aid helps to set up funds in communities to help them in the future. This is done through churches and community centers. We can see this in place in Bangladesh where Christian Aid workers have been living there to help administer drugs to the people in need of it. They get their money to do this by Christian Aid and have helped many hundreds of people. Bob Finley has now completed 53 years of ministry as an evangelist, pastor, missionary, Bible teacher and Christian statesman. During these years he has traveled over four million miles and preached face to face to more than 20 million people. Additional millions have heard his message through radio, TV, films and videos. His published articles have touched thousands of lives and played a major role in changing the methodology and direction of Christian missions throughout the world. His influence and financial support has been used of God to further the cause of Christ among more than 2000 tongues, tribes and nations. Christian Aid continues to reach out to those who are in the remotest countries and have not heard of our Lord Jesus Christ. They continue to help other struggling ministries to preach the word of our Lord.

Dominic Chianese :: Actor Biography Biographies Chianese Essays

Dominic Chianese Today, Dominic Chianese is best known for his role on the television series "The Sopranos," but he has a career that spans decades and includes theatre, movies, and music. Dominic Chianese was born on February 24th, 1931, in an Italian neighborhood in the Bronx, New York. Dominic’s grandparents emigrated to American in the early 1900’s from Naples and Sorrento, Italy (Internet Movie Database, 2005). Dominic’s theatre career began in 1952 with ‘The American Savoyard’, which was a small Gilbert and Sullivan company of singers, actors, and musicians. Several years later, he began taking acting lessons at HB Studios in Manhattan, New York. Dominic has a great love for theatre and has performed in numerous Broadway and off Broadway shows from the 1960’s to the present. His first on Broadway show was ‘Oliver’ in 1965 (Dominic Chianese’s Biography, 2003). On his website, Dominic tells a story of his audition for the Gilbert and Sullivan repertory company. He was working as a bricklayer in 1951 for his father. On the way home one day, he saw an ad in ‘The New York Times’ which called for singers for a new Gilbert and Sullivan company. He explains: "The Bronx bus was approaching Manhattan, when I closed the newspaper, and walked to the front of the bus, where my father sat, arms crossed. The bus was rolling down Second Avenue, rapidly approaching 74th St. ‘Pop, is it okay if I get off the bus at 74th St.’, I asked. ‘What for?’ asked my father. ‘An audition’ I replied... ‘What's that?’ ‘It's singing.’ My father thought about it for a long five seconds, and finally said: ‘O.K.’ I got off the bus, knocked on the door of the church basement and walked in. Near the end ... I sang a song — I think it was "That Old Devil Moon". I was asked to come back the next day with a song sheet and a Gilbert and Sullivan piece. I did and was hired on the spot for the tour of "The Mikado and Patience" (Dominic Chianese in the Theatre, 2003)." The tour lasted about 10 months and was the beginning of Dominic Chianese’s professional career. His first major role in a motion picture was in Francis Ford Coppola’s "The Godfather Part II" as Johnny Ola. In 1971 while performing in a play in Boston, Dominic’s agent called him to meet Coppola to read for "The Godfather.

Current Events in Business Research Essay

I had a hard time trying to figure out a function that I do at work or one that I would I’d like to in the future so I picked from Chapter 3 of our reading, The â€Å"Bringing Research to Life† of the Business Research Methods section which illustrates a scenario. Myra Wines is a woman that was hired by the U.S. Army to investigate and research with her team whether or not the testing area where the army uses its munitions testing was a direct connection or cause to the civilian death rate increasing since the range opened. There are a few issues here that Myra and her team will need to research and investigate. There are local activists voicing their concern, calling to shut down the range due to being environmentally hazardous. Another issue was these â€Å"duds† or bombs that didn’t explode when it hit the ground going off randomly, as the Army believed that its dead shells would only explode if another bomb was dropped on it to cause it to ignite. Acco rding to the Army, civilian deaths could not be attributed to their munitions testing area due to their testing of dropping the â€Å"duds† to torching them to try and ignite them. Wines and team hypothesized that the dead shells could potentially explode and leave no trace of the event taking place. Wines and team, met with Army representatives to go over the reports regarding dead shells or â€Å"duds†. By reviewing these materials they would be able define the management question which in turn would help by coming to a conclusion for the research question. The research team had to look at all the personnel that came in contact of shells, results that the explosions were leaving, and the frequency of dead shells Army states one out of twenty) to be able to come up with better research questions. The team’s observation showed them that civilians were actually opening up the bombs to salvage anything that had value. Unfortunately the bombs exploded and â€Å"vaporizing† the scavengers. Wines’ research team reviewed the data they collected, concluding that the civilians were thrill seekers and the scavenging fit into their thrills. Wines and team discussed their  conclusions to the Army, in which the Army to develop and implement policies to lessen av oidable civilian deaths. The team’s conclusions after reviewing the data, determined that the Army’s best management decision was to set off every â€Å"dud† shell at the end of each testing day and put kerosene on them so bombers can see at night and drop bombs to destroy the â€Å"duds†. Because of Wines’ and the team’s research, the Army implemented new procedures and the civilian death rate dropped. Research is a very important aspect to any company that is seeking to gain success or get the up hand on competitors. Searching for methods that will add value to companies is also considered the business research process. When researching, one must consider what is in the best interest of the company, its employees, the sponsor, and the community. Business research is important when determining what types of services companies are considering and required to analyze business situations. It is important to research the full potential of the service and what will the company gain from it. Business research is used to perform analysis of the industry, its products and to identify customer groups. It also is an important tool for management to make better business decisions. If the risk is too high, and there is not much that progress that the company will gain from providing the services, then it might be best to hold off a while longer. One of the keys to research is to take surveys, talk to all parties involved, and provide reasons for and/or against the objective of the research before it can even be considered. At my employer, we do employee surveys once a year. This is a way for the company to do research on the employee’s likes, dislikes, and complaints. By doing surveys, companies can get employees to open up and get answers to critical questions confidentially. References Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods (12th ed.). Boston, MA/USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Disney Market Research Essay

In my perspective, methods that can be applied to Disney, which has a variety of different types of products (goods) and services is by applying multiple kinds of qualitative and quantitative methods, approaches, instruments, and with a variety of techniques to collect data and information. As we know that Disney has the products and services, of course, the approach method taken by both of these can be different as well. Goods are something that tangible and service is something intangible. Thus let’s discuss the research methods to be applied in any Disney product services. Disney Theme Park, Resort, Cruise Line and Hotel To explain the research methods to Theme Park etc, those tend to be characterized as a service product. With the research objective to tailor-made Disney products so the approach is the research done by; observations and field surveys on customer satisfaction after the experience they had been acquired compare by their beginning perception. The instrument used is check list for observation, self-administered & mail (online) questioners for survey, qualitative measures technological devices and interviewed guidelines for interview (personal intercept and telephone as well). Sampling techniques used is simple random sampling. Disney Studios(Movies and Music) Research approaches used for this product are observation the Disney movies and music, survey by online to the random viewers and listeners because used of purposive random sampling as a sample, qualitative measures technological devices and interviewed guidelines for interview as well. In this case we need moderator who is able to conduct a group discussion. Disney Media Network (Cable TV & Radio) Owing to the product characteristics similar to Disney studios, the method was almost the same, except the respondents are pay TV viewers and radio listeners. Disney Interactive (Social, Console Games, etc) Research approaches used for this product are observation, survey by online to the random gamers and users because used of purposive random sampling as a sample, qualitative measures technological devices and interviewed guidelines for interview as well. In this case we need moderator who is able to conduct a group discussion. Disney Consumer Products (Books, Toys & Clothes) Research approaches used for this goods product are observation, survey by intercept the consumer who bought the products at the store, qualitative measures technological devices and interviewed guidelines for interview as well. Sampling techniques used is simple random sampling with cluster samples divided by products. Â  

Man and Aviation essays

Man and Aviation essays Mans dream of flying has been apparent almost as long as mankind himself. However, the concept of an aircraft has only been around for approximately two hundred years. Before this time, man tried to fulfill this dream by mimicking the birds. They first built machines called ornithopters to utilize mans own power to propel himself through the air. It did not take long for the inventors to realize that this concept was not practical for human flight. It took about twenty more years for technology to catch up. Beginning around 1783, a few aeronauts, as they were known, made daring uncontrolled flights in lighter-than-air balloons, but it was soon realized that this was not a practical way to fly either. It wasnt until the early nineteenth century that Sir George Cayley designed the first true fixed wing flying machine. His design used a kite mounted to a stick with a moveable tail and rows of flappers under the wings for thrust. Cayleys craft however, still did not utilize the principle of engine propulsion. In 1900, a man named of Gustave Whitehead had been building and flying gliders for the Boston Aeronautical Society when he decided to start experimenting with a flying machine of his own. His design, which had foldable wings and a motor, took roughly a year and a half to construct. Although highly controversial, Whitehead claimed that on August 14, 1901 he piloted the worlds first motorized flight, which was approximately two years before the Wright Brothers infamous flight in Kitty Hawk. On this day, Whitehead had a series of four flights the longest was said to cover one and a half miles at an altitude of two hundred feet. These notable claims remain in question to this day due to fact that Whitehead failed to record flight attempts and successes throughout his experiments. The only data for any of his experiments are estimates of witnesses who were present at the flights. (Gustave White...

Biology †Characteristics of Life and Principles

Biology - Characteristics of Life and Principles What is biology? Simply put, it is the study of life, in all of its grandeur. Biology concerns all life forms, from the very small algae to the very large elephant. But how do we know if something is living? For example,  is a virus alive or dead? To answer these questions, biologists have created a set of criteria called the characteristics of life.   The Characteristics of Life Living things include both the visible world of animals, plants, and fungi as well as the invisible world of bacteria and viruses. On a basic level, we can say that life is ordered. Organisms have an enormously complex organization. Were all familiar with the intricate systems of the basic unit of life, the cell. Life can work. No, this doesnt mean all animals are qualified for a job. It means that living creatures can take in energy from the environment. This energy, in the form of food, is transformed to maintain metabolic processes and for survival. Life grows and develops. This means more than just replicating or getting larger in size. Living organisms also have the ability to rebuild and repair themselves when injured. Life can reproduce. Have you ever seen dirt reproduce? I dont think so. Life can only come from other living creatures. Life can respond. Think about the last time you accidentally stubbed your toe. Almost instantly, you flinched back in pain. Life is characterized by this response to stimuli. Finally, life can adapt and respond to the demands placed on it by the environment. There are three basic types of adaptations that can occur in higher organisms. Reversible changes occur as a response to changes in the environment. Lets say you live near sea level and you travel to a mountainous area. You may begin to experience difficulty breathing and an increase in heart rate as a result of the change in altitude. These symptoms go away when you go back down to sea level.Somatic changes occur as a result of prolonged changes in the environment. Using the previous example, if you were to stay in the mountainous area for a long time, you would notice that your heart rate would begin to slow down and you would begin to breath normally. Somatic changes are also reversible.The final type of adaptation is called genotypic (caused by genetic mutation). These changes take place within the genetic makeup of the organism and are not reversible. An example would be the development of resistance to pesticides by insects and spiders. In summary, life is organized, works, grows, reproduces, responds to stimuli and adapts. These characteristics form the basis of the study of biology. Basic Principles of Biology The foundation of biology as it exists today is based on five basic principles. They are the cell theory, gene theory, evolution, homeostasis, and laws of thermodynamics. Cell Theory: all living organisms are composed of cells. The cell is the basic unit of life.Gene Theory: traits are inherited through gene transmission. Genes are located on chromosomes and consist of DNA.Evolution: any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or not so noticeable.Homeostasis: ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes.Thermodynamics: energy is constant and energy transformation is not completely efficient. Subdiciplines of BiologyThe field of biology is very broad in scope and can be divided into several disciplines. In the most general sense, these disciplines are categorized based on the type of organism studied. For example,  zoology deals with animal studies, botany deals with plant studies, and microbiology is the study of microorganisms. These fields of study can be broken down further into several specialized sub-disciplines. Some of which include anatomy, cell biology, genetics, and physiology.

Concepts of Learning And the Factors That Affect Student Learning Essay

Concepts of Learning And the Factors That Affect Student Learning - Essay Example This report sresses that the humanistic approach by respecting the human undertone it recognizes the individual differences and in effect helps learners in performing well. The teachers are also motivated to perform in the same respect. This is a positive attribute of the approach which serves to underscore the importance of humanity. The school of humanism postulates that individuals have internal drives that push them to achieve their goals. In a learning environment it is understood that it is in the interest of the participants to succeed. Both the teachers and the students aspire to be successful in the pursuit of their goals. While the teaching staffs aspire to rise through the ranks in their careers, the student community desires to excel in their studies. The benefits of the theory have been transferred to other professions. These fields include theory, economics, or other business courses. This paper makes a conclusion that learning is an ongoing process in human lives. On the basis of humanity, the ‘feeling good’ effect is paramount in scaling greater heights in the learning cycle. Other schools like cognitive can also be useful in explaining the learning process. The acquisition of new knowledge is quite beneficial and it should be encouraged irrespective of the method employed. Through the use of both summative and formative assessments, the level of progression made in the learning experience can be determined.

The Liberal Party of Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Liberal Party of Canada - Essay Example On the one hand was the governing coalition of Liberal – Conservatives under the leadership of Sir John A. McDonald in Canada West and his French – Canadian counterpart, George – Etienne Cartier in Canada East. This disparate organization encompassed a number of distinct groups, many of which had potentially conflicting interests – Catholic and Protestants, English and French, Urban and Rural (Stephen Brooks, page 282) â€Å"The Liberal Party of Canada is always located somewhere in the middle of the political spectrum and often finds itself divided between a progressive wing and a conservative wing† (Patrick Malcolmson, Richard Myers, page 178) Base of Support The main support group for the classical liberals consisted of Industrialists, merchants and property owning- individuals while the chief supporters for the contemporary Liberal party includes several middle of the road advocacy groups within the feminist, environmental and multicultural movements, public – sector workers, middle – class intellectuals in the universities and the media, the national Liberal Party and the Bloc Quebecois; think – tanks including Canadian Policy Research Networks, the institute for Research on Public Policy and the Canada West Foundation. ( Stephen Brooks, page 40 - 41) According to the views propagated by R. B. McCullum, the Liberal Party was the â€Å"party of the middle class, with the support of the industrial workers† (Robert Kelly, page 43) Political Ideology One way of categorizing political ideas – perhaps the most popular way – is to describe them as being left wing/ right wing or centrist/ moderate.

Fixed and Floating Charge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fixed and Floating Charge - Essay Example It is imperative to observe that the stipulations fixed charge as well as equitable mortgage are every now and then utilized in replacement with each other( Rawlings, 1997). A floating charge is a charge that does not primarily fasten itself to a specific resource or property which implies the fact that the borrower is permitted to arrange the resources as he otherwise she desires devoid of having to obtain the authorization of the lender. It transmits to a varying group of present as well as prospective assets until it is which characteristically takes place when the borrower evades on the credit. The Floating charges are well thought-out as being valuable for the borrower for the reason that they permit the borrower to award the lender a safety interest, however at the equivalent time, the borrower is capable enough to utilize the asset within the standard course of trade devoid of disruption. Similar to the United Kingdom as well as other English-law provinces, the United States distinguishes the maintenance of an everlasting charge or else safety over liquid guarantee. No variations, on the other hand, are made amid the fixed as well as the floating charges within the U.S. regulation. If the groups inflowing into the safekeeping conformity used language comparable to that characteristically used in a floating charge, that affection would take place at the instance the agreement is penetrated into relatively than floating over the asset as it would underneath the English law. This appreciation of a floating security interest in surplus of the agreement pronounces the proposal that a fixed security interest is not automatically irreconcilable through the borrower having the autonomy to make use of as well as sell off the protected asset within the regular course of company. Nevertheless, beneath U.S. law, the contractual security conformity provides if the borrower is permitted to set out of the guarantee free of the safekeeping interest. If the borrower is authorized to advertise the goods, then the security interest within the goods is extinguished with the lender's interest persists during any earnings resulting from the auct ion. The Fixed charges are well thought-out particularly beneficial for the reason that they provide the creditor the precedence over privileged creditors along with holders of the floating charges when the borrower defaulting(Rawlings, 1997). Spectrum Plus: The House of Lords settled with the High Court in decision that it was an indispensable attribute of a fixed charge on book debts that the borrower's accurate to contract with mutually the debts themselves as well as their earnings be adequately constrained. In the expressions of Lord Scott of Foscote: The indispensable assessment of a book debt as a protection lies within the currency that can be attained from the debtor within the payment. This was without a doubt conflicting with the conception that a fixed charge over the debts had to confine the dealings mutually with the debts as well as their earnings. on the other hand, the House of Lords was not bound by New Bullas as well as decided

Gender Stereotypes In Trifles

Gender Stereotypes In Trifles The Nineteenth century was built around a society that contradict a strong point in the United States Constitution, that all men are created equal. Even though segregation was one of the main problems that got acknowledge, gender stereotype was often the case in most home throughout society. In the plays A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the characters show stereotype through gender. This includes the belief that women are lesser people, child like in their action, and in need of being controlled. Nora was the main female character in the play A Dolls House; she lived in a lavish home eating macaroons, drinking champagne and hosting banquets. Nora lived her life, in one sense, as a complete lie. She never thought for herself or had her own opinions. Noras father would tell her what he thought about everything, leaving her no opinion but his. If she did have an opinion of her own she kept quiet knowing he would not have agreed. She played his little doll until she moved in with Torvald, her husband. She felt as though she was passed from her father hands into Torvalds hands. Now she played the role of Torvalds little doll, pretending to take on his views of everything. This evidence of gender stereotype is shown in the way Torvald treats his wife Nora, and in the way Nora acts to please her husbands. In the first act of the play we come across the first instance of Torvald name calling his wife in a child like manner is that my little lark twittering out there?(Ibsen 796) This is the first of many names Torvald use to give his wife child like tendencies. Torvald also refer to Nora as a squirrel, a spendthrift, a songbird, and a goose. Torvald shows ownership of Nora by calling her my richest treasure, denoting his attitude toward Nora as his possession. This stereotypical oppression by Torvald serves a purpose of keeping women in their place, and keeping men on the top of the social structures. One can easily determine Nora as immature and childlike in her action, this stereotype is not only presented by Torvald, but by Nora as well. When Torvald ask Nora what did she want for Christmas she replies in a very child like manner. Nora speaking quickly you might give me money(Isben 798) when Torvald said yes Nora said Oh do Dear Torvald, please, please do! Then Ill wrap it up in beautiful gold paper and hang it on the Christmas tree. Wouldnt that be fun? (Isben 798) As one reads on Nora come home in say Oh yes, Torvald, we can squander a little now. Cant we ? Just a tiny, wee bit. Now that youve got a big salary and are going to make piles and piles of money. With this excerpt, we see a child-like attitude, not only in Noras manner of speaking with the statement Just a tiny, wee bit, but also in her attitude toward money and the unrealistic expectations of making piles and piles of money. The following example also shows Noras childish manner in her personal interactions with her husband. Her manner seems more like that of a favorite daughter, accustomed to getting her way, than that of a wife, also keeping with the stereotype concerning control by keeping oppression high. Through-out A Dolls House, men are seemingly in the dominant position, and they manipulate their power to control women in ideological sphere so that their own identity and social status may be retained and be acknowledged by the society. As exposed in A Dolls House, men are in a financially and ideologically superior position over women while women are kept in a subordinate position and are confined to their homes as they are not economically independent and have to rely on their husbands for support. What causes this situation to exist in the 19th-century Europe is the social context in which people held the notion that men were supposed to be responsible to their families and provide all the necessities that a family needed, while women were supposed to maintain their sacred duty of a good wife and mother. In the case of the male protagonist Helmer Torvald, his ideology is conditioned by social standards and his conception of manliness is based on mans social values. Gender stereotype was not only shown by the male writers, but also by the female writers as well. In the play Trifle by Susan Glaspells the stereotypes made are those of the women being concerned only with trifling things, that are loyal to the female gender, and that women must live under their spouses. Trifles is based on an actual event that took place in Iowa at the turn of the Nineteenth century. The play Trifles involves a murder case that explores gender relationships, power between the sexes, and the nature of truth. In the play Trifles, the victim in the suspect is not the main focus of gender stereotype: instead the gender stereotype is presented by the investigator in his associates, follow by their wives. In the opening act of the play the men enter the house, follow by their wives. This stereotypical action was to show the dominate status of men. In Trifles, the male characters make several assumptions concerning the female characters. These assumptions show the way in which the men view the women, and are purely gender stereotypical. The first assumption that of women being only concerned with trifling things, is seen beginning with line 120 when the sheriff say Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin about her preserves. I guess before were through she may have something more serious than her preserves to worry about. Well, women are used to worrying over trifles. These lines show the attitude toward women prevalent throughout the play. It is the mens nonchalance toward the small details that ultimately undermines the murder case. The second stereotype presented by the men concerning the women is that of being loyal to their own gender. In line 140, the County Attorney states, Ah, loyal to your sex, I see. But you and Mrs. Wright were neighbors. I suppose you were friends, too. This statement also makes an assumption concerning country women being neighborly. The County Attorney assumes that because the two women were neighbors, they were naturally friends, and spoke regularly. Because of the way the men treated the women they expresses discomfort at the mens violation of Mrs. Wright house. They didnt think about the law, instead they care more about the relationships than the rules. The action by the women shows a very stereotypical asset between the bonds they have for each other, instead of doing whats right by the law. The men try to diminish the female identity or role in the societal context by setting up in unfavorable image of female as ideologically submissive and dependent, that men are the subject or the absolute, and that women objects is existence and defined by males. The consequence of this stereotypical thinking causes the women to hide the truth from the men in Trifles. The women knew that Mr. Wright kept Mrs. Wright isolated from the world: Therefore the men remain oblivious to the action of the women hiding the truth. Their men vision and, their way of knowing narrows their focus in this play. In this case gender stereotype leads to a type of blindness on what happen in the farmhouse. If the men had discovered the evidence they would have had no doubt about on how to use it. The women discovered the evidence, but since gender stereotype was a factor it lead them to hold the truth from the men. As the women read Mrs. Wright story the understood it as if it was their story. I think the ir decision are based on gender, it springs from their maps of the territory, one fundamentally. The third stereotype the men make concerning the women can be found in line 159, when the Sheriff says I suppose anything Mrs. Peters does be all right, Do you want to see what Mrs. Peters is going to take in? Oh, I guess theyre not very dangerous things the ladies have picked out. No, Mrs. Peters doesnt need supervising. For that matter, a sheriffs wife is married to the law. It is here assumed that, because Mrs. Peters is the sheriffs wife, she will do only what she should. Mrs. Peters has been asked to bring a couple of things to Mrs. Wright in jail, and if she finds anything that may be of use to the case, she is asked to let them know. After Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find the very evidence that could incarcerate Mrs. Wright, they proceed to hide it from the men, providing the greatest evidence for the loyalty among women issue, and departing from the assumptions of women being trifling and subservient. In Trifles, the women both conform to and depart from the assumptions made by the men. Mrs. Hale has found an important piece of evidence, a dead bird. The ladies decide not to allow the men to know of the true reason for the birds death. This departs from the stereotype depicting women as only being concerned with trifling things. As concerns the loyalty of one woman to another, evidence is found in line 366 that seems to allude to such a bond. Line 366 begins when the County Attorney say Is there a cat? Mrs. Hale glances in a quick covert way at Mrs. Peters. Mrs. Peters say Well, not now. Theyre superstitious, you know. They leave. These lines also show a departure from the assumption that women are subservient to their men in that they lie to the men. In line 411 one can see more evidence of the almost sisterly bond between women. Mrs. Hale says I might have known she needed help! I know how things can befor women. I tell you, its queer Mrs. Peters reply with We live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same thingsits all just a different kind of the same thing Here one gets the idea of women depart from the stereotypical roles assigned to them by men.

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway :: Essays Papers

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway "Whither goest thou, America, in thy shiny car in the night?" -Jack Kerouac, On the Road Roll the windows down, turn the music up, and drive slowly. Now you're cruising. Cruising is the art of seeing and being seen, and in Tucson the center of this art is Speedway Boulevard. This six-lane street runs east to west through Tucson and is one of the busiest thoroughfares in the city. It hosts a mix of commercial and private buildings: small shops, offices, restaurants, grocery stores, apartment buildings and older homes, as well as the University of Arizona. Despite the apartments and occasional houses, Speedway is mostly a commercial street populated with strip malls and other businesses. Cruising is most visible along the more commercial, business-oriented East Speedway, which for the purposes of this essay is defined as the three mile stretch of road from Alvernon to Wilmot. Like most streets, Speedway was built for an entirely practical reason: to conduct automobile traffic from one place to another with a minimum of waiting. This utilitarian reason is inverted by cruising. The purpose of cruising, unlike driving, is not to arrive but to not arrive. Cruising is a social activity wherein the cars become tools for meeting other people as well as a means of getting from one place to another. The reputation of cruising, and of the nighttime Speedway, is not nearly so benign. As traffic slows and the music increases, the character of Speedway as a place - that is, a focus for human memory and experience - changes to reflect the activities and desires of the cruisers. The character of Speedway as a place is temporal and spatial; the street of Friday midnight is radically different from the street of Tuesday morning. Daytime drivers quickly change lanes in an attempt to find the one which will deliver them to their destinations the fastest. Speed and efficacy define the daytime Speedway. As the type of driver changes, so does the driver's reason for being there. The weekday commute is replaced by the weeknight cruise. The drivers also become, as a group, less diverse in terms of age and gender. The majority of cruisers appeared to be teenagers. Also, though I saw many young women, the majority of cruisers were male.

Integration

http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODULE 4 INTEGRATION http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com CHAPTER 3 : INTEGRATION Content Concept Map page 2 3–4 5 6 7 8–9 10 – 11 12 4. 1 Integration of Algebraic Functions Exercise A 4. 2 The Equation of a Curve from Functions of Gradients. Exercise B SPM Question Assessment Answer http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 1 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com Indefinite Integral a) o o a x n a dx = ax + c. xn+ 1 + c. n+ 1 b) x n dx = c ) o d x = a o x n d x = a n x + n + 1 1 + c . Integration of Algebraic Functions ) ) The [f (x)  ± g(x) ]dx = o f (x) dx  ± d o Equation of a Curve from Functions of Gradients o g(x)dx y = y = o f ‘( x ) d x c, f (x) + http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 2 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com INTEGRATION 1. Integration is the reverse process of differentiation. dy 2. If y is a function of x and = f ‘( x) then o f ‘( x)dx = y + c, c = c onstant. dx If dy = f ( x ), then dx o f ( x)dx = y 4. 1. Integration of Algebraic Functions Indefinite Integral a) b) o o a dx = ax + c. n a and c are constants xn+ 1 x dx = + c. n+ 1 n c is constant, n is an integer and n ? – c) o ax dx = a o ax n + 1 x dx = + c. n+ 1 n and c are constants n is an d) o [f ( x )  ± g ( x ) ]dx = o f ( x) dx  ± o g ( x)dx http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 3 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com Find the indefinite integral for each of the following. a ) ? 5dx b) ? x 3 dx c) ? 2 x dx 5 d) ? ( x ? 3x 2 )dx Always remember to include ‘+c’ in your answers of indefinite integrals. Solution : a) ? 5dx ? 5x ? c b) 3 ? x dx ? x3? 1 ? c 3 ? 1 x4 = ? c 4 2 c) 5 ? 2 x dx ? 2 x5? 1 ? c 5 ? 1 2 x6 = ? c 6 1 = x6 ? c 3 d) ? ( x ? 3x )dx ? ? xdx ? ? 3x 2 dx = x 2 3 x3 ? ?c 2 3 x2 = ? x3 ? c 2 Find the indefinite integral for each of the following. a) ? ? x ? 3x ? dx 2 x 4 b) ?x ? x 2 4 ? ? ? 3 ? ? dx x ? ? a) Solution : x ? 3Ãâ€"2 ? ? x 4 ?dx ? ? x 3Ãâ€"2 ? ? ? x4 ? x4 ? dx ? ? b) 2 4? ? ? 2 4? ? 3 ? 4 ? dx = ? ? 3x ? 2 ? dx x ? x ? ? ? = ? 3Ãâ€"2 ? 4 x ? 2 dx ? x ? 1 ? 3x 3 = ? 4? c 3 ? ?1 ? 4 = x3 ? ? c x ? ? x? 3 ? 3x? 2 dx ? x? 1 ? x? 2 = ? 3? c ? 2 ? ?1 ? 1 3 =? 2 ? ?c 2x x ? ? ? ? http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 4 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 1. Find ? ? 3x 2 ? 4 x ? 10 dx. ? [3m] 2. Find ? ? x 2 ? 1 ? 2 x ? 3 ? dx. ? [3m] 1? ? 3. Find ? ? 2 x ? ? dx. x? ? 2 [3m] 4. Find ? ? 2x ? ? 3 ?x? 3 ? ? 2 ? dx. 4 x ? [3m] 6x ? 5 5. Integrate with respect to x. x3 [3m] 6. Find ? ?x 5 ? 4Ãâ€"2 2x 4 ? dx [3m] 3 ? ? 7. Find ? x ? 6 ? 6 ? x . x ? ? 2 [3m] 8. Integrate x 2 ? 3x ? 2 with respect to x. x ? 1 [3m] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 5 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com The Equation of a Curve from Functions of Gradients dy ? f ‘( x), then the equation of the curve is dx If the gradient function of the curve is y ? ? f ‘( x ) dx c is constant. y ? f ( x) ? c, Find the equation of the curve that has the gradient function 3x ? 2 and passes through the point (2, ? 3). Solution The gradient function is 3x ? 2. dy ? 3x ? 2 dx y ? ? (3x ? 2)dx y? 3Ãâ€"2 ? 2x ? c 2 The curve passes through the point (2, ? 3). Thus, x = 2, y = ? 3. 3(2) 2 ? 3 ? ? 2x ? c 2 ? 3 ? 6 ? 4 ? c c ? 5 Hence, the equation of curve is y? 3x 2 ? 2x ? 5 2 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 6 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 1. Given that dy ? 6 x ? 2 , express y in terms of x if y = 9 when x = 2. dx 2. Given the gradient function of a curve is 4x ? 1. Find the equation of the curve if it passes through the point (? 1, 6). 3. The gradient function of a curve is given by dy 48 ? kx ? 3 , where k is a constant. dx x Given that the tangent to the curve at the point (-2, 14) is parallel to the x-axis, find the equation of the curve. http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 7 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com SPM 2003- Paper 2 :Question 3 (a) Given that y ? 2 x ? 2 and y = 6 when x = ? 1, find y in terms of x. dx [3 marks] SPM 2004- Paper 2 :Question 5(a) The gradient function of a curve which passes through A(1, ? 12) is 3 x 2 ? 6 x. Find the equation of the curve. [3 marks] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 8 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com SPM 2005- Paper 2 :Question 2 A curve has a gradient function px 2 ? 4 x , where p is a constant. The tangent to the curve at the point (1, 3) is parallel to the straight line y + x ? 5 =0. Find (a) the value of p, [3 marks] (b) the equation of the curve. [3 marks] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 9 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 1.Find the indefinite integral for each of the following. (a) ? ? 4x 3 ? 3 x ? 2 dx ? (b) 3? x ? ? 2 2 ? 6? ? dx x3 ? 1 ? 2 ( c) (c) ? ? x 5 + 5 6x ? 3 ? ? dx ? ? x2 ? 3 (d) ? ? ? x2 ? ? ? 2 ? ? dx ? ? 2. If dy ? 4 x3 ? 4 x, and y = 0 when x = 2, find y in terms of x. dx http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 10 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 3. If dp v3 ? 2v ? , and p = 0 when v = 0, find the value of p when v = 1. dv 2 4. Find the equation of th e curve with gradient 2 x 2 ? 3 x ? 1, which passes through the origin. 5. d2y dy dy Given that ? 4 x, and that ? 0, y = 2 when x = 0. Find and y in terms 2 dx dx dx of x. http://mathsmozac. blogspot. om 11 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com EXERCISE A 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) x ? 2 x ? 10 x ? c 3 2 SPM QUESTIONS 1) y ? x2 ? 2x ? 7 2) y ? x3 ? 3 x 2 ? 10 3) p ? 3, y ? x3 ? 2 x 2 ? 4 x4 ? x3 ? 3x ? c 2 4 3 1 x ? 4x ? ? c 3 x 4 2 x x 1 ? ? 3 ? 2x ? c 2 2 x 6 5 ? ? 2 x 2x 2 x 2 ? ?c 4 x 1 2 x3 ? 3 ? c x 2 x ? 2x ? c 2 ASSESSMENT 1) (a ) x 4 ? 3 2 x ? 2x ? c 2 2 3 (b) 3x ? ? 2 ? c x x 6 x 1 (c ) ? ?c 9 24 x 4 x3 9 (d ) ? 6x ? ? c 3 x y ? x4 ? 2 x2 ? 8 p? 7 8 2 3 3 2 x ? x ? x 3 2 2 3 x ? 2 3 EXERCISE B 1) y ? 3x 2 ? 2 x ? 1 3 x 2 24 ? 2 ? 2 2 x 2) 2) y ? 2 x 2 ? x ? 3 3) y ? 3) 4) y? 5) y? http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 12 http://sahatmozac. logspot. com ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODULE 5 INTEGRATION http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 13 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com CONTENT CONCEPT MAP INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION DEFINITE INTEGRALS EXERCISE A EXERCISE B ASSESSMENT SPM QUESTIOS ANSWERS 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 14 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com CONCEPT MAP INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION un ? ax ? b ? dx ? ? du ? a n DEFINITE INTEGRALS If b d g(x) ? f (x) then dx b where u = ax + b, a and b are constants, n is an integer and n ? -1 OR (a) ? f (x)dx g(x)? ? g(b) ? g(a) a a (b) ? f (x)dx f (x)dx a a b b (c) ? f (x)dx f (x)dx ? ? f (x)dx a b a b c ? ax ? b ? ? ? ax ? b ? dx ? a ? n ? 1? n n ? 1 ? c, where a, b, and c are constants, n is integer and n ? -1 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 15 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION un ? ? ax ? b ? dx ? ? a du n where u = ax + b, a and b are constants, n is an integer and n ? -1 O R ? ax ? b ? ? ? ax ? b ? dx ? a ? n ? 1? n n ? 1 ? c, where a, b, and c are constants, n is integer and n ? -1 Find the indefinite integral for each of the following. (a) ? ? 2 x ? 1? dx 3 (b) ? 4(3 x ? 5)7 dx 2 (c) ? dx (5 x ? 3)3 SOLUTION (a) ? ? 2 x ? 1? dx 3 Let u = 2x +1 du du ? 2 ? dx ? dx 2 3 3 ? du ? ? (2 x ? 1) dx ? ? u ? ? ? ? u3 = ? du 2 u 3 ? 1 = ? c 2(3 ? 1) u4 +c 8 (2 x ? 1) = +c 8 = Substitute 2x+1 and substitute dx with du dx = 2 OR (2 x ? 1) 4 ? c ? (2 x ? 1) dx ? 2(4) 3 = ? 2 x ? 1? 8 4 ?c Substitute u = 2x +1 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 16 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com (b) ? 4(3 x ? 5) dx 7 (c) Let u ? 3 x ? 5 du du ? 3 ? dx ? dx 3 7 4u 7 du ? 4(3 x ? 5) dx ? ? 3 4u 8 = ? c 3(8) u8 ? c 6 (3u ? 5)8 = ? c 6 = 2 dx ? ? 2(5 x ? 3) ? 3 dx (5 x ? 3)3 Let u ? 5 x ? 3 du du ? 5 ? dx ? dx 5 ? 3 2u ? 3 du ? 2(5 x ? 3) dx ? ? 5 2u ? 3 = ? c 5(? 2) ? OR 4(3 x ? 5)8 ? c ? 4(3 x ? 5) dx ? 3(8) 7 u ? 2 ? c ? 5 1 = ? 2 5u 1 =? ?c 5(5 x ? 3)2 = = (3x ? 5)8 ? 6 DEFINITE INTEGRALS If d g ( x) ? f ( x) then dx b (a) (b) ? b a b f ( x)dx ? ? g ( x) ? ? g (b) ? g (a) a ? (c ) ? a b f ( x)dx ? ? ? f ( x)dx a b a f ( x)dx ? ? f ( x)dx ? ? f ( x)dx b a c c http://maths mozac. blogspot. com 17 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com Evaluate each of the following ( x ? 3)( x ? 3) (a) ? 12 dx x4 1 1 (b) ? 0 dx (2 x ? 1) 2 SOLUTION (a) x2 ? 9 2 ( x ? 3)( x ? 3) ? c ? ?12 4 dx ? 1 x4 x 2 9 ? 2? x = ? 1 ? 4 ? 4 ? dx x ? ?x = ? 12 ( x ? 2 ? 9 x ? 4 )dx ? x ? 1 ? x ? 3 ? ? =? ? 9? ? ? 3 ? ?1 ? ?1 2 2 (b) ?0 1 1 1 dx ? ?0 (2 x ? 1)? 2 dx 2 (2 x ? 1) 1 = ? 0 (2 x ? 1) ? 2 dx ? (2 x ? 1) ? 1 ? =? ? ? ?1(2) ? 0 ? 1 = ? ? 2(2 x ? 1) ? 0 =? ? ? 1 1 ? 2[2(1) ? 1] ? 2[2(0) ? 1] ? 1 1 ? 1 3? = ? 3 ? ? x x ? 1 ? 1 3 ? ? 1 3? = ? 3 ? ? 3 ? ? 2 2 ? ? 1 1 ? 1 3 = ? ? ? (? 1 ? 3) 2 8 1 =? ?2 8 1 =? 2 8 1 ? 1? = ? ? 6 ? 2? 1 = 3 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 18 Distributed:18. 1. 09 Return:20. 1. 09 INTEGRATE THE FOLLOWING USING SUBSTITUTION METHOD. (1) ? ( x ? 1)3dx (2) ? ?4 ? 3 x ? 5 ? dx ? 5 (3) ? 1 ? 5 x ? 3? dx 4 1 ? ? (4) ? ? 5 ? x ? dx 2 ? ? ?3 1 ? ? (5) ? 5 ? 4 ? y ? dy 2 ? ? 4 3? 2 ? (6) ? ? 5 ? u ? du 2? 3 ? 5 19 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com EXERCISE B 8 1. Evaluate ? 3 ( x3 ? 4)dx Answer : 1023. 75 2. Evaluate Answer: 3 ? ?3 1 2 x( x ? x ? 5)dx 8 83 96 ?2 ? 3. Integrate ? x ? 5 ? with respect to x ? 3 ? 4 4. Evaluate ? 1 3 1 ? ? ? 2 ? 3x ? 4 ? dx ? 1 x ? ? 1 Answer: 3 ? 2 ? ? x ? 5? ? c 10 ? 3 ? 5 Answer : 3 5. Evaluate ? 3 1 ? 2 x ? 1 2 x ? 1? dx 4 x2 6. Given that of 2 5 ? 5 2 f ( x)dx ? 10 , find the value 5 Answer: 1 6 ? ? 1 ? 2 f ( x)? dx Answer :17 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 20 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com ASSESSMENT ?6 and 2. (a) ? 5(2 ? 3v) dv 4 (b) ? dx 5 3 ? 1 ? 5 x ? 1. Given that ? 2 2 1 f ( x)dx ? 3 ? 2 3 f ( x)dx ? ?7 . Find (a) the value of k if (b) ? ? kx ? f ( x)? dx ? 8 1 ? ? 5 f ( x) ? 1? dx 3 1 Answer : (a) k = (b) 48 22 3 3.Show that d ? x 2 ? 2 x 2 ? 6 x 4. . ? dx ? 3 ? 2 x ? ? 3 ? 2 x ? 2 4 Given that ? 4 0 f ( x)dx ? 3 and Hence, find the value of Answer : 1 10 ? ? 3 ? 2x ? 0 1 x ? x ? 3? ? 0 g ( x)dx ? 5 . Find 4 0 2 dx . ? f ( x)dx ? ? g ( x)dx (b) ? ?3 f ( x) ? g ( x)? dx (a) 0 4 0 4 Answer: (a) – 15 (b) 4 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 21 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com SPM QUESTIONS SPM 2003 – PAPER 1, QUESTION 17 1. Given that ? SPM 2004 – PAPER 1, QUESTION 22 k n dx ? k ? 1 ? x ? ? c , 2. Given that 1 ? 2 x ? 3? dx ? 6 , where k ; -1 , find the value of k. [4 marks] ? 1 ? x ? find the value of k and n [3 marks] Answer: k = 5 5 Answer: k = ? =-3 3 5 4 SPM 2005 – PAPER 1, QUESTION 21 6 6 3. Given that ? 2 f ( x)dx ? 7 and ? 2 (2 f ( x) ? kx)dx ? 10 , find the value of k. Answer: k = 1 4 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 22 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com ANSWERS EXERCISE A 1. 3 ( x + 1)4 + c 2. 60 (3 x +5) – 4 + c 3. ?20 EXERCISE B 1. 1023. 75 ? 5 x ? 3? 3 ?c 2. 3 83 96 5 4. 3? 1 ? ?5 ? x? ? c 2? 2 ? ? y? ?c ? 6 4 ?2 3 ? 2 ? 3. ? x ? 5? ? c 10 ? 3 ? 1 3 5 5. 1 6 6. 17 1 ? 5. ?10 ? 4 ? 2 ? 6. 4. 3 2 ? ? ? 5 ? 5 ? u ? ? c 3 ? ? ASSESSMENT 22 1. (a) k = 3 (b) 48 2. (a) 90(2 – 3v) +c ? 100 (b) (1 ? 5 x) ? 4 ? c 3 3. 1 10 -5 SP M QUESTIONS 1. k = ? 2. k = 5 3. = 1 4 5 3 n=-3 4. (a) – 15 (b) 4 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 23 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULE 6 INTEGRATION http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 24 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com CHAPTER 3 : INTEGRATION Content Concept Map 9. 1 Integration as Summation of Areas page 2 3 4–6 7–8 9 – 11 12 – 14 15 Exercise A 9. 2 Integration as Summation of Volumes Exercise B SPM Question Answer http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 25 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com a) The area under a curve which enclosed by x-axis, x = a and x = b is a) The volume generated when a curve is rotated through 360? bout the x-axis is ? ? b a y dx b) The area under a curve which enclosed by y-axis, y = a and y = b is b a Vx ? ? ? y 2 dx a b x dy b) The volume generated when a curve is rotated through 360? about the y-axis is c) The area enclosed by a curve and a straight line ? ? f ( x) ? g ( x)? dx b a Vy ? ? ? x 2 dy a b http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 26 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 3. INTEGRATION 3. 1 Integration as Summation of Area y y = f(x) b a a b 0 The area under a curve which enclosed by x = a and x = b is x 0 x y = f(x) ? b a ydx The area under a curve which is enclosed by y = a and y = b isNote : The area is preceded by a negative sign if the region lies below the x – axis. ? b a xdy Note : The area is preceded by a negative sign if the region is to the left of the y – axis. The area enclosed by a curve and a straight line y y = g (x) y = f (x) a The area of the shaded region = = b b x ? ? ? f ( x) ? g ( x)? dx a b a a b f ( x)dx ? ? g ( x) http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 27 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 1. Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram. y y = x2 – 2x 2. Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram. y y = -x2 + 3x+ 4 x -1 0 4 0 x http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 28 http://sahatmozac. logspot. com 3. Find the area of the shaded region y y=2 4. Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram. y y = x2 + 4x + 4 0 x = y2 x -2 -1 0 2 x http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 29 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 5. Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram y 1 x = y3 – y x 6. y y = ( x – 1)2 0 0 x x=k -1 Given that the area of the shaded region in 28 the diagram above is units2. Find the 3 value of k. http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 30 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 3. 2 Integration as Summation of Volumes y y=f(x) The volume generated when a curve is rotated through 360? about the x-axis is 0 a b xVx ? ? ? y 2 dx a b y y=f(x) The volume generated when a curve is rotated through 360? about the y-axis is b a 0 x Vy ? ? ? x 2 dy a b http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 31 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com y y=x(x+1) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated through 360? about the x-axis. x 0 Answer : x=2 ? ? ? y 2 dx 0 2 Volume generated ? ? ? x 2 ? x ? 1? dx 2 2 0 ? ? ? ( x 4 ? 2 x3 ? x 2 )dx 0 2 ? x 5 2 x 4 x3 ? ? ? ? ? 4 3 ? 0 ? 5 2 25 2(2)4 23 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0? 5 4 3? ? 256 1 ? ? @ 17 ? units 3 . 15 15 y y ? 6 ? x2 The figure shows the shaded region that is enclosed by the curve y ? ? x 2 , the x-axis and the y-axis. Calculate the volume generated when the shaded region is revolved through 360? about y-axis. 0 Answer : Given y ? 6 ? x 2 substitute x ? 0 into y ? 6 ? x Then, y ? 6? 0 y? 6 2 x Volume generated ? ? ? x 2 dy 0 6 ? ? ? ? 6 ? y ? dx 6 0 ? y2 ? ? ? ?6 y ? ? 2 ? 0 ? 62 ? ? 6(6) ? 2 ? 18? units 3 . ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 6 http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 32 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 1. y y = x (2 – x) 0 x The above figure shows the shaded region that is enclosed by the curve y = x (2 – x) and x-axis. Calculate the volume generated when the shaded region is revolved through 360? bout the y-axis. [4 marks] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 33 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 2. y R (0, 4) Q (3, 4) P (0, 2) y? = 4 (x + 1) 0 x=3 x The f igure shows the curve y ? ( x ? 2) 2 . Calculate the volume generated when the shaded region is revolved through 360? about the x-axis. http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 34 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com 3. y R (0, 4) x y ? ? 3? x 0 x=k The above figure shows part of the curve y ? ? 3 ? x and the straight line x = k. If the volume generated when the shaded region is revolved through 1 360? about the x-axis is 12 ? units3 , find the value of k. 2 http://mathsmozac. logspot. com 35 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com SPM 2003- Paper 2 :Question 9 (b) Diagram 3 shows a curve x ? y 2 ? 1 which intersects the straight line 3 y ? 2 x at point A. y 3 y ? 2x 3y ? 2x x ? y2 ? 1 ?1 0 x Diagram 3 Calculate the volume generated when the shaded region is involved 360? about the y-axis. [6 marks] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 36 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com SPM 2004- Paper 2 :Question 10 Diagram 5 shows part of the curve y ? y 3 ? 2 x ? 1? 2 which passes through A(1, 3). A(1,3) y? 0 a) b) Di agram 5 3 ? 2 x ? 1? 2 x Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point A. [4 marks] A egion is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the straight lines x=2 and x= 3. i) Find the area of the region. ii) The region is revolved through 360? about the x-axis. Find the volume generated, in terms of ? . [6 marks] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 37 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com SPM 2005- Paper 2 :Question 10 In Diagram 4, the straight line PQ is normal to the curve y ? straight line AR is parallel to the y-axis. y x2 ? 1 at A(2, 3). The 2 y? x2 ? 1 2 A(2, 3) 0 R Diagram 4 Find (a) (b) (c) Q(k, 0) x the value of k, [3 marks] the area of the shaded region, [4 marks] the volume generated, in terms of ? when the region bounded by the curve, the y-axis and the straight line y = 3 is revolved through 360? about y-axis. [3 marks] http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 38 http://sahatmozac. blogspot. com EXERCISE A EXERCISE B 1. 1 1 ? unit 2 15 1. 1 1 units 2 3 5 units 2 6 2. 2. 20 3 6 ? unit 3 5 k ? ?2 3. 3. 2 2 units 2 3 2 units 2 3 SPM QUESTIONS SPM 2003 Volume Generated ? 52 ? units3 15 4. 24 SPM 2004 i) Area ? 1 units 2 5 49 ? units3 1125 5. 1 units 2 2 k? 4 ii) Volume Generated ? 6. SPM 2005 a) k ? 8 1 b) Area ? 12 units2 3 c) Volume Generated ? 4? units? http://mathsmozac. blogspot. com 39